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literacy test
A literacy test is a test of a person's understanding of a particular language. Throughout history, literacy tests have been administered by various governments to immigrants, and in the United States between the 1890s and 1960s, literacy tests were also administered to prospective voters and used to disenfranchise racial minorities.
==Canada==
Anglophone Canada heavily promoted immigration from Europe in the early 20th century. British Columbia insisted on blocking all further immigration from Asia, literate or not.〔Patricia Roy, ''A White Man's Province: British Columbia Politicians and Chinese and Japanese Immigrants, 1858-1914'' (1989) and Roy, ''The Oriental Question: Consolidating a White Man's Province, 1914-41'' (2003)〕 British and Irish immigrants were all welcome; at issue was a literacy test that would screen out most applicants from Italy, Russia and other parts of Southern and Eastern Europe. In 1919 major new legislation was passed (at a time when French-speakers were virtually powerless in Parliament). A wide range of public opinion expressed mounting fears and culturally based stereotypes along with articulations of idealized national identity through the Canadianization of immigrants.〔Lorna McLean, "'To Become Part of Us': Ethnicity, Race, Literacy and the Canadian Immigration Act of 1919," ''Canadian Ethnic Studies,'' (2004) 36#2 pp 1-28〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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